The Concept of Nature Tarrner Lectures Delivered in Trinity College November 1919 Alfred North Whitehead 9781149118801 Books
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The Concept of Nature Tarrner Lectures Delivered in Trinity College November 1919 Alfred North Whitehead 9781149118801 Books
In these Tarner Lectures on the philosophy of science, Whitehead evaluates the impact of Einstein's theories on nature and the then new revelations in physics. This includes a thought provoking critique of the way that matter, space and time had been perceived through the ages, from the Greek philosophers to the Enlightenment.Accepting Einstein's theory of relativity, he disputes the interpretation thereof. Instead of considering energy/matter as primary, Whitehead argues that the Event and the Process of Becoming ought to be the approach to analyzing reality. His is an organic view opposed to the abstract concept of matter that had always dominated Western thought.
Whitehead rejects the notion of nature as a collection of independent entities according to which space, matter and time could exist without one another. He shifts the emphasis to activities or events that are considered active entities. Time and space are partial expressions of one fundamental relationship between events. This relationship which includes space and time is called Extension.
The two elements of our perception are (a) our Observational Present = Duration, and (b) the Percipient Event = Standpoint for Perception.
Duration possesses the character of an event but the quality of completeness distinguishes it as a specific type of event. A Duration does not occur instantaneously and its immediately observed part has a relatedness - as regards Extension - to other events which it does not include. Both inclusion and exclusion are positive relations.
The Percipient Event is the event included in one's immediate observation, which is identified as one's standpoint for perception = our physical life within the Duration.
Perception requires a sense-awareness of the significations of the Percipient Event as well as a sense-awareness of a particular relation/situation between particular objects and the events that are thus signified. The Percipient Event occupies an absolute position in any present Duration - a relation termed Cogredience. Every observation of nature contains a Duration and a Percipient Event and they are Cogredient.
One's knowledge of specific qualities of different events depends on one's ability to make comparisons. This he calls Recognition whilst the required sense-awareness about comparable qualities is called Sense-Recognition.
Both Recognition and abstraction reveal aspects of an entity that are less than the concrete fact but are nevertheless real factors in that fact. Abstraction is impossible without recognition and vice versa. This means that perception involves apprehension of the events and the recognition of the factors of their nature. Recognized things are Objects or situations within events.
Whitehead's theory ascribes no singular quality to light, considering it equivalent with sound, smell or touch. The speed of light and of sound is determined by the medium. Both are waves of disturbance in the physical character of events.
The chapters are titled: Nature and Thought; Theories of the Bifurcation of Nature; Time; The Method of Extensive Abstraction; Congruence; Objects; Summary, and The Ultimate Physical Concepts. The book concludes with an index.
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The Concept of Nature Tarrner Lectures Delivered in Trinity College November 1919 Alfred North Whitehead 9781149118801 Books Reviews
In these Tarner Lectures on the philosophy of science, Whitehead evaluates the impact of Einstein's theories on nature and the then new revelations in physics. This includes a thought provoking critique of the way that matter, space and time had been perceived through the ages, from the Greek philosophers to the Enlightenment.
Accepting Einstein's theory of relativity, he disputes the interpretation thereof. Instead of considering energy/matter as primary, Whitehead argues that the Event and the Process of Becoming ought to be the approach to analyzing reality. His is an organic view opposed to the abstract concept of matter that had always dominated Western thought.
Whitehead rejects the notion of nature as a collection of independent entities according to which space, matter and time could exist without one another. He shifts the emphasis to activities or events that are considered active entities. Time and space are partial expressions of one fundamental relationship between events. This relationship which includes space and time is called Extension.
The two elements of our perception are (a) our Observational Present = Duration, and (b) the Percipient Event = Standpoint for Perception.
Duration possesses the character of an event but the quality of completeness distinguishes it as a specific type of event. A Duration does not occur instantaneously and its immediately observed part has a relatedness - as regards Extension - to other events which it does not include. Both inclusion and exclusion are positive relations.
The Percipient Event is the event included in one's immediate observation, which is identified as one's standpoint for perception = our physical life within the Duration.
Perception requires a sense-awareness of the significations of the Percipient Event as well as a sense-awareness of a particular relation/situation between particular objects and the events that are thus signified. The Percipient Event occupies an absolute position in any present Duration - a relation termed Cogredience. Every observation of nature contains a Duration and a Percipient Event and they are Cogredient.
One's knowledge of specific qualities of different events depends on one's ability to make comparisons. This he calls Recognition whilst the required sense-awareness about comparable qualities is called Sense-Recognition.
Both Recognition and abstraction reveal aspects of an entity that are less than the concrete fact but are nevertheless real factors in that fact. Abstraction is impossible without recognition and vice versa. This means that perception involves apprehension of the events and the recognition of the factors of their nature. Recognized things are Objects or situations within events.
Whitehead's theory ascribes no singular quality to light, considering it equivalent with sound, smell or touch. The speed of light and of sound is determined by the medium. Both are waves of disturbance in the physical character of events.
The chapters are titled Nature and Thought; Theories of the Bifurcation of Nature; Time; The Method of Extensive Abstraction; Congruence; Objects; Summary, and The Ultimate Physical Concepts. The book concludes with an index.
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